by NFU Government Relations Staff
President Obama released his budget for the 2014 fiscal year on Wednesday, largely positioned as a “middle ground” between the tax increases in the Senate-passed budget and the spending cuts in the House-passed budget. The budget replaces the sequestration cuts beginning in 2014 and reduces the deficit by $1.8 trillion over 10 years. What follows are some of the main points of the budget that pertain to agriculture:
Overview of USDA:
- Reduces the deficit by $38 billion (more than either the House or Senate’s 2012 Farm Bill drafts) by eliminating direct payments, decreasing crop insurance premium subsidies, and consolidating conservation programs
- Extends livestock disaster assistance for 2014 through 2018
- Adds $1.3 billion over 10 years for renewable energy, organic agriculture, specialty crops and beginning farmers
- Eliminates funding to pay Brazil for cotton programs due to the loss of the WTO cotton case (as an attempt to get Congress to pass a new farm bill)
- Overall USDA funding is at a relatively similar level to 2012 actual funding
Crop insurance:
- Reduces the subsidy for producer premiums by 3 percentage points for policies where the government subsidizes more than 50 percent of the premium, which saves $4.2 billion over 10 years
- Reduces the premium subsidy by 2 percentage points for revenue coverage that provides protection for upward price movements at harvest time, which saves $3.2 billion over 10 years
- Includes language on reducing overhead and A&O expenses
- Overall cut to crop insurance is $11.7 billion over 10 years
- Reasoning: conducted study that determined that a 12 percent return on investment is necessary to sustain the crop insurance program, so these adjustments are to bring it down to 12 percent
Title I/Commodities
- Ends direct payments to save $29.7 billion over 10 years
- Expands the Dairy Gross Margin Insurance Program but doesn’t include much else in the way of clarity on dairy
Conservation:
- Consolidates programs and reduces funding by $1.8 billion over 10 years while enrolling 23.6 million new acres overall
- Targeting CRP acres coming out of the program
- CSP capped at 12 million acres
Food aid:
- Shifts $1.5 billion from the P.L 480 Title II Food for Peace program to USAID and cuts $500 million from the program, with a mandate that half of the remaining funds be used for distribution of domestically produced aid
- The efficiencies gained from purchasing food locally/regionally will increase the number of people fed by 800,000, as well as help them get aid faster, in spite of the cut to funding
- Food for Progress remains despite rumors of eliminating the program
- NFU’s take: concerned that turning food aid into a cash-based or local purchase program could erode overall support for the funding since there’s no longer an agricultural constituency supporting the program
Energy:
- Provides $19 million in discretionary funding for REAP, with half going toward grants and half going toward loan guarantees
- Permanently extends the Production Tax Credit for renewable energy production
- Provides $9 million in discretionary funding for BCAP
- No other funding for farm bill energy programs
Rural development:
- $7 billion RUS expansion with focus on renewable energy
- Reduces grants for water program and working with private sector to encourage investments to pick up the slack
- Consolidates 6 programs (Rural Business Enterprise Grants, Rural Business Opportunity Grants, Rural Cooperative Development Grants, Small/Socially Disadvantaged Producer Grants, Rural Microenterprise Assistance Grants and Rural Community Development Initiative Grants) into one new grant program (called the Rural Business and Cooperative Grant Program) and cuts funding to a total of $55 million
- NFU is concerned that USDA Cooperative Programs will be severely threatened by this consolidation
Research:
- Creates new poultry research lab in Georgia
- Increase in funding for the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI), the competitive grants program, to $383.4 million
- Provides $714 million for the completion of the National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility in Manhattan, Kan.
Food safety:
- Effectively bans horse slaughter by providing no funding for food safety inspectors
- Provides funding for new poultry slaughter rule
Nutrition:
- Adds money to TEFAP
- Adds $35 million for school kitchen equipment upgrades
- WIC is fully funded based on projections of need
Miscellaneous:
- Adds a small amount of new money to GIPSA to boost enforcement of the Packers and Stockyards Act
- Adds $20 million for a new feral swine program
- Continued support for MIDAS, with FSA records coming online this year, as well as GIS services
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Other departments:
- Provides $8.2 billion for the EPA, a $252 million increase for FY13 funding but a 3.5 percent cut from the agency’s enacted 2012 spending plan
- Specifically, increases the Clean Water Act Section 106 Water Pollution Control grant funding by $15 million to support states in their nutrient management efforts
- Increases the FDA’s food safety budget by $500 million, 94 percent of which is paid for by new user fees